Titanium plate and Medical titanium rod The surface reaction layer of titanium can be completely removed by sand blasting followed by acid cleaning. In addition to physical and mechanical polishing, there are two kinds of reaction layers on the surface of titanium plate and titanium rod: 1. chemical polishing, 2. electrolytic polishing.

1. Chemical polishing:

During chemical polishing, the purpose of leveling and polishing is achieved through the oxidation and reduction reaction of metal in the chemical medium. The advantage of chemical polishing is that it has nothing to do with the hardness of metal, polishing area and structural shape. All parts in contact with the polishing solution are polished without special complex equipment. It is easy to operate and is more suitable for polishing complex titanium denture brackets. However, the process parameters of chemical polishing are difficult to control. It is required to have a good polishing effect on dentures without affecting the precision of dentures. A better chemical polishing solution for titanium is HF and HNO3 prepared in a certain proportion. HF is a reducing agent, which can dissolve titanium metal and play a leveling role. When the concentration is less than 10%, HNO3 acts as an oxidant to prevent excessive dissolution of titanium and hydrogen absorption, and can also produce a bright effect. Titanium polishing solution requires high concentration, low temperature and short polishing time (1~2min).

2. Electrolytic polishing:

It is also called electrochemical polishing or anodic dissolution polishing. Due to the low conductivity and strong oxidation performance of titanium alloy tubes, it is almost impossible to polish titanium with aqueous acidic electrolyte such as HF-H3PO4, HF-H2SO4 series electrolyte. After the external voltage is applied, the titanium anode will be oxidized immediately, making anodic dissolution impossible. However, under low voltage, anhydrous chloride electrolyte has a good polishing effect on titanium. Small specimens can be mirror polished, but for complex restorations, the purpose of complete polishing still cannot be achieved. Maybe changing the cathode shape and adding a cathode can solve this problem, which needs further research.

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